SystemParametersInfo (SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER, 0, nil, SPIF_SENDWININICHANGE)

uses ComObj, ShlObj;

procedure ChangeActiveWallpaper;
const
  CLSID_ActiveDesktop: TGUID = '{75048700-EF1F-11D0-9888-006097DEACF9}';
var
  ActiveDesktop: IActiveDesktop;
begin
  ActiveDesktop := CreateComObject(CLSID_ActiveDesktop) as IActiveDesktop;
  ActiveDesktop.SetWallpaper('c:\windows\forest.bmp', 0);
  ActiveDesktop.ApplyChanges(AD_APPLY_ALL or AD_APPLY_FORCE);
end;